Mental Health Effects of Cancer Treatment in Men: A Closer Look

Did you know that depression and anxiety affect up to 27% of male patients with a cancer diagnosis? However 73% of male patients with depression are not receiving treatment for their mental health. [1] The figures are likely to be much higher if we broaden the definition of mental health impacts from depression to include moderately low mood, anger, weariness, or other impacts on cognitive function.

Cancer treatment is tough on anyone, no matter how robust they seem. Men in particular may brush aside mental health impacts, perhaps due to existing stigmas about having to appear strong. In fact, many men find talking about their mental health overwhelming.

In this blog, we will explore the mental health effects of chemotherapy in men and how integrative oncology can help to support their mental health during treatment.

The Emotional Toll of Cancer on Men

Cancer is a complex disease that can have far-reaching effects on a person's physical and mental health. While much attention has been given to the physical side effects of cancer treatment, the mental health impacts are often overlooked. Stereotypically, women are more likely to open up about their emotions and mental health. Men are also at risk of experiencing a range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and low mood, associated with their cancer treatment.

A cancer diagnosis itself brings on a myriad of unanswered questions for many people, and certainly faces individuals with their own mortality. It is important to note that the stage of diagnosis and the severity of the cancer can also play a role in how this affects mental wellbeing.

Depression and Anxiety in Men with Cancer

Prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and brain tumours are among the most common types of cancer affecting men. Research has shown that men with these cancers may experience a range of psychological distress symptoms, including depression, anxiety, anger, lethargy and fatigue, which can negatively impact their quality of life.

Depression, in particular, is a common mental health condition experienced by men with cancer. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, approximately one in five men with cancer experience depression, which can manifest as feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in usual activities. Men who experience depression during their cancer treatment may have a more difficult time coping with their illness and may be less likely to comply with treatment regimens. As mentioned above, 73% of male cancer patients with depression are not receiving treatment for their mental health [1]. This is a statistic that needs to change!

Anxiety is another common mental health issue that men with cancer may experience. Symptoms include feelings of unease, nervousness, or worry, and can interfere with a person's ability to function on a daily basis. Research has shown that anxiety can be especially prevalent in men with prostate cancer, with up to 25% of men experiencing symptoms of anxiety during their treatment.

Even if not diagnosed as depressed, low mood is enough to significantly impact quality of life. Men often experience a lack of interest in daily activities, feelings of sadness or emptiness, disassociation, and a lack of energy or motivation through their cancer treatment. Studies have shown that men with colorectal cancer may be at particular risk of experiencing low mood during their treatment.

Risk Factors for Men's Mental Health 

Depression may be more likely to occur if the cancer is diagnosed at a later stage or if the treatment is not working. Anxiety, on the other hand, may be more prevalent at the beginning of the cancer journey when the diagnosis has just been received, and the future is unknown. Anxiety also presents quite significantly when treatment is finished, and patients are left to wonder if their cancer will come back. In either case, a cancer journey brings on a rollercoaster of emotions, and it’s important to have a network of support where men can feel comfortable expressing their emotions whether that be with friends, family, psychologists or other support groups.

Certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of men experiencing mental health effects during chemotherapy. Certainly, a history of mental illness may put some individuals at a particular higher risk of developing mental health issues during treatment. Demographic factors, unemployment, financial stress are well documented risk factors, while factors that are often overlooked are things like a lack in support networks, poor sleeping patterns and poor stress management.

Many patients find rest difficult after they’ve received a diagnosis, which is a completely normal reaction, however being able to prioritise adequate rest is not only important for mental health maintenance but can also affect treatment outcomes. This something we see across the board with all patients and have exceptional expertise in managing sleep at MIOG. In regard to stress management, it’s important to process the news of a cancer diagnosis, whether that be with a practitioner like a psychologist, or through self-reflection exercises like journaling or art therapy. Being able to process the trauma of a diagnosis is such an important factor in managing mental wellbeing as it allows you to separate yourself from your diagnosis. You are not your cancer.

Psychological Impacts of Sexual Dysfunction on Men's Mental Health

Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of cancer treatment for pelvic cancers, such as prostate, bladder or rectal cancer. Radiation to the prostate, for example, leads to sexual side effects in up to 91% of men [2]. Sexual dysfunction can have a particularly significant impact on a man’s mental health, and can include anything from loss of erectile function, to decreased sensitivity, a lowered libido or reduced sexual confidence. Sexual function is an essential component of a man’s identity and quality of life, and when impaired it can lead to a loss of self-esteem, a perceived loss of masculinity, a negative body-image, depression and relationship difficulties. Loss of erectile function in particular has been found to be a significant predictor of depression. It is a complex interplay between physical and psychological symptoms, which is a vicious cycle. Although often perceived as an embarrassing topic, men should be encouraged to speak up to their health practitioners about their symptoms, as both physical and psychological symptoms may be addressed to improve sexual function and self esteem. This highlights the requirement of a multidisciplinary approach that involves various healthcare practitioners as well as the patient and their partner.

The Role of Integrative Oncology in Men’s Mental Health

Integrative oncology can help to support men's mental health before, during and after treatment by providing comprehensive care and evidence-based interventions for symptom support. This means focusing not just on the cancer itself but on supporting other body systems, such as the immune system, energy pathways, hormonal health and more. By providing a safe space for communication, patients are encouraged to speak openly and honestly, allowing for care that prioritises the individual as a whole person. Integrative Oncology is a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account our men’s physical health, as well as diet, lifestyle, and emotional wellbeing.

It is important to note that the mental health impacts of cancer treatment are not limited to the patient. Family members and caregivers of men with cancer may also experience psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression.

Lifestyle Support for Men during Cancer Treatment

Lifestyle support is an essential aspect of Integrative Oncology. This includes prioritising adequate nutrition, sleep, stress management, and exercise. By taking care of their overall health and wellbeing, men can help manage the mental health challenges that come with a cancer diagnosis and treatment.

If you're a man undergoing chemotherapy, you're not alone. Depression and anxiety are common during this time, especially if you're dealing with a late-stage diagnosis. But with the right support and strategies, you can navigate these challenges and come out stronger.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the mental health impacts of cancer treatment in men are a significant concern that should not be overlooked. Men with cancer may experience a range of psychological distress symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and a loss of identity, which can negatively impact their quality of life. It's important for partners, friends and family, and healthcare providers alike to be aware of these potential impacts, so that we can make sure that men get the support they need during this challenging time.

Book in now via this link for a comprehensive a consultation with our experienced Integrative Oncology and Men's Health Naturopath Remi Odisho. 

If you or someone you know is experiencing mental health issues related to cancer treatment, it's important to seek help. This can include speaking with your healthcare provider or a mental health professional, as well as accessing support groups and other resources. Remember, you are not alone in your journey with cancer, and there are resources available to help you cope and improve your quality of life. If this article has been triggering in any way, please contact Lifeline on 13 11 14

References

Niedzwiedz, C.L., Knifton, L., Robb, K.A. et al. Depression and anxiety among people living with and beyond cancer: a growing clinical and research priority. BMC Cancer 19, 943 (2019).

Twitchell DK, Wittmann DA, Hotaling JM, Pastuszak AW. Psychological Impacts of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Pelvic Cancer Survivorship. Sex Med Rev. 2019

Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP, Roth AJ. The association between erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms in men treated for prostate cancer. J Sex Med. 2011